Gastroenterol Clin North Am. Aluminum toxicity. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of ranitidine for gastroesophageal reflux symptoms during pregnancy. A comparative evaluation of the transport of H 2 -receptor antagonists by the human and baboon placenta. Am J Med Sci. Gastroesophageal reflux disease during pregnancy. Lagace E. J Fam Pract. Prospective assessment of pregnancy outcomes after first-trimester exposure to fluconazole. Antifungal therapy during pregnancy.
Clin Infect Dis. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Young GL, Jewell D. Topical treatment for vaginal candidiasis thrush in pregnancy. Effect of maternal cigarette smoking on pregnancy complications and sudden infant death syndrome.
Risks and benefits of nicotine to aid smoking cessation in pregnancy. Drug Saf. This content is owned by the AAFP. A person viewing it online may make one printout of the material and may use that printout only for his or her personal, non-commercial reference.
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Category B Either animal reproduction studies have not demonstrated a fetal risk but there are no controlled studies in pregnant women, or animal reproduction studies have shown an adverse effect other than a decrease in fertility that was not confirmed in controlled studies in women in the first trimester and there is no evidence of risk in later trimesters.
Category C Either studies in animals have revealed adverse effects on the fetus teratogenic or embryocidal or other and there are no controlled studies in women, or studies in women and animals are not available. Category D There is positive evidence of human fetal risk, but the benefits from use in pregnant women may be acceptable despite the risk e.
Category X Studies in animals or human beings have demonstrated fetal abnormalities or there is evidence of fetal risk based on human experience, and the risk of the use of the drug in pregnant women clearly outweighs any possible benefit. Decongestants, Expectorants, and Antihistamines Women commonly use cold medications during pregnancy.
Antacid Preparations Several antacids are available in OTC forms, including preparations that contain alginic acid, aluminum, magnesium, and calcium. Antifungals The most common antifungal medications available as OTC drugs include the imidazole agents clotrimazole Mycelex , butoconazole Femstat , miconazole Monistat , and tioconazole Vagistat Smoking Deterrents Nicotine replacement therapy presents an interesting clinical dilemma.
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Sign up for the free AFP email table of contents. Navigate this Article. Acetaminophen Tylenol. Pain reliever of choice. Ibuprofen Advil, Motrin. Chlorpheniramine Chlor-Trimeton. Antihistamine of choice. Pseudoephedrine hydrochloride Novafed. Sympathomimetic decongestant. Guaifenesin Humibid L. Dextromethorphan hydrobromide Benylin DM. Non-narcotic antitussive. Appears to be safe in pregnancy. Diphenhydramine Benadryl. Possible oxytocin-like effects at high dosages.
Clemastine fumarate Tavist. Unknown safety profile. Kaolin and pectin Kaopectate. Antidiarrheal of choice not absorbed. Bismuth subsalicylate Pepto Bismol. Not recommended salicylate absorption. Not recommended adverse animal studies. Generally regarded as safe. Calcium carbonate Tums. Simethicone Mylanta Gas. Preferred after antacids; generally regarded as safe. Probably safe, data needed. There is a total of 5 error s on this form, details are below.
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Your name: is required Error: This is required. Your email: is required Error: This is required Error: Not a valid value. Send to: is required Error: This is required Error: Not a valid value. What it is used for How to take it Visual appearance Do I need a prescription?
Pregnant or planning a pregnancy? Reporting side effects Data sources Disclaimer What it is used for Fast, long lasting relief from the burning pain of heartburn , indigestion and gastric reflux. Aches, pains and uncomfortable symptoms are unfortunately part and parcel of pregnancy.
But before you reach for that over-the-counter medicine, learn which medications are safe to take during pregnancy, and which are not. Many over-the-counter medications are safe to use in pregnancy, but there are a few surprising drugs that can lead to problems for baby.
And before taking any over-the-counter medication, think about what other medications you are taking. Even medications that are considered safe in pregnancy can become dangerous when they interact with others. Acetaminophen Tylenol is okay to take for treating general aches, pains and headaches. These OTC drugs may be associated with congenital heart defects when taken during the first trimester.
For congestion issues , antihistamines such as diphenhydramine Benadryl and loratidine Claritin appear to be safe during pregnancy. Also, decongestants such as phenylephrine may affect blood flow to the placenta and should generally be avoided throughout your pregnancy.
Two major cough medication ingredients—dextromethorphan a cough suppressant and guaifenesin an expectorant, which means it loosens up thick mucus —both appear to be safe during pregnancy, although both have been tested in relatively few studies.
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